В статье обобщен материал, полученный в результате изучения раннеякутских погребений XIV–XVII вв. Рассмотрены элементный состав и ритуальная сфера погребального обряда. Приведены возможные интерпретации специфики зафиксированных традиций и их связь с археологическими памятниками сопредельных территорий.
This paper aims to reconstruct the funeral rites of the early Yakut culture before arrival of Russians. It is based on the analysis of the burial composition and the ritual sphere of the funerary monuments of XIV–XVII centuries. The distinguishing feature of the burial composition of this time is a small depth of the burial pit, which on average is 0,48 cm deep. Box coffins are more common, and their parameters and structure are similar to those of the Hun coffins, with a similar external camera - grobovina, a special section for grave goods, and a lengthwise dividing wall in joint burials. The western orientation of the dead is associated with the traditional worldview about the geography of the world of the dead. The dead were buried horizontally lying on their back or in a crouched position lying on their side, sometimes with the head of the deceased resting on the saddle. The accompanying grave goods consist of household items, horse equipment, weapons and hunting tools, clothing and jewellery, as well as food for the journey in the form of lumps of a young horse. In At Dabaan III burial, there was discovered a pit with a dismembered horse next to the burial of the boy. The early Yakut burials are genetically related to the whole layer of ancient and medieval cultures of the Eurasian steppes in many respects. Their origin can be traced in archaeological complexes of Central Asia, Siberia and the Far East, where the funeral traditions of the medieval tribes of Baikal region and the Amur region are their nearest equivalents.

The article is concerned with ancient ethnocultural ties of Yakuts and Tuvinians as a considerable layer of common elements is traced in their traditional culture. According to folklore materials, cattle-farmers uryankhays were a part of ancient tribes of Yakutia. This paper observes the common generic names which are present in tribal structure of Yakuts and Tuvinians, the comparative analysis of their life, economy and spiritual culture, and provides the data of anthropological and generic researches. The most ancient communications in origins of Yakut and Tuvinian cultures were traced in Hunnish-Sarmatian period and proceeded during the Old turkish period, while the Mongolian heritage which had different roots was formed in culture of these peoples in the XIII-XVI centuries.

Статья посвящена скорченным погребениям на боку у позднесредневекового населения Центральной Якутии. Даются общая характеристика и датировка погребений, медико-анатомическое описание трупоположений, приводятся этнографические и фольклорные свидетельства. В результате проведения историко-культурных параллелей установлено, что скорченные погребения якутов находят аналогии в средневековых археологических культурах Забайкалья и Прибайкалья. Полученные в ходе раскопок материалы дополняют представления о ранних этапах формирования и развития этнической истории якутов.
The article examines burials in a flexed position among the Late Middle Age population of Central Yakutia. We provide information on the general features and dating of the burials, medical and anatomical descriptions of the corpse placement, as well as available ethnographic and folklore evidences. The comparison of various historical and cultural parallels makes it possible to argue that in the Middle Age archaeological cultures of the Baikal area, there are burials that are analogous to the flexed position burials of the Yakut. The data obtained as a result of this research make important contributions to our knowledge of the early ethnic history of the Yakut.

При рассмотрении проблемы происхождения якутов (саха) до сих пор недостаточно изученными остаются вопросы об этнокультурных взаимовлияниях местных и пришлых этнических групп, идентификации автохтонных племен, принимавших участие в сложении якутского народа. В якутских преданиях упоминаются Һставшие ветромһ хара-сагылы, загадочные саха с Һпродолговатыми головамиһ, воинственные туматы/дьирикинэй и другие, культуры которых трудно связать с конкретными археологическими культурами (или памятниками) и современными народами Сибири. В статье на основе данных фольклора, этнографии, антропологии и археологии предпринята попытка реконструкции облика самобытной культуры автохтонных племен Якутии и сравнительно-исторического анализа отдельных ее элементов и традиций и культур коренных народов Северной Азии. Данные комплексных исследований свидетельствуют о присутствии древних этнокультурных связей между предками якутов и современными уральскими народами Западной Сибири
The study of the origin of the Yakuts focuses on the ethnic history of their alien Turkic-Mongolian ancestors. Issues of mutual ethnocultural influence of local and alien ethnic groups and identification of autochthonous tribes who took part in formation of the Yakut people are not fully researched. Yakut legends mention the tribes Һwhich became windһ, Khara-Sagyly, the mysterious Һlong-headedһ Sakha, the bellicose Tumats/Jirikinei, etc. The question of their ethnic identification is one of the most complex and not fully developed within the issue of ethnocultural genesis of the Yakuts. Some researchers (A.P. Okladnikov, S.I. Tokarev, I.V. Konstantinov, I.E. Zykov and A.I. Gogolev) consider these autochthonous tribes as the Tungusic peoples. According to a hypothesis by A.N. Alekseev and S.I. Nikolaev-Somogotto, an aboriginal layer in the Yakut culture was probably represented by paleo-Siberian and pre-Samoyedic tribes. A successful study of this issue was largely impeded by the lack of informative and sufficiently reliable sources. This problem has been partly solved due to new archaeological discoveries in the last decade, especially to that of a multi-layered man site in Ulakhan Segelenneekh on the Olekma river and thanks to the data of modern molecular-genetic researches. An attempt of a paleoethnic reconstruction of the original culture of the autochthonous tribes of Yakutia and of a comparative historical analysis of ancient traditions and cultures of indigenous peoples of Northern Asia was made in the article combining the data on folklore, toponymics, ethnography, archaeology and ethnic genetics. Integrated research data tell about the presence of ancient ethnocultural links between ancestors of the Yakuts and modern Ural peoples of Western Siberia. The tribes from historical lore and Yakutian legends are said to be aboriginal population of the north-western border of Yakutia, successors of the local archaeological cultures of the Late Neolithic and the Paleometal Age. The material given describes ethnocultural complex processes that took place in ancient Yakutia, which contributed to the formation of the Yakut ethnos and its culture